On January 30, Millions Of Televisions Will Be Tuned In To The America

On January 30, millions of televisions will be tuned in to the American Broadcast Company's live coverage of the Super Bowl. The three hour-plus event draws as many as 130 million viewers at one time. According to NFL Research, sixty eight percent of Super Bowl viewers say they pay attention to the commercials and fifty two percent said they discussed the ads the next day. With so many people watching the event, businesses see the Super Bowl as a golden opportunity to lure in profits by utilizing the commercial air time available. Due to the unlimited wants and limited resources, an economic condition called scarcity results. Another economic principle, called investment, is exemplified in this article. Scarcity is a condition that exists because society has unlimited wants and needs, but there are limited resources for their satisfaction. During the three hour-plus football game, there will be opportunities for large businesses (and even some small businesses who have gambled on this form of advertising) to display their product or service to over a hundred million people. At an even greater expense, some companies are sponsoring pre-game, half-time, and post-game shows. Why does it cost so much money? Commercials during the Super Bowl are very powerful means of advertising. Companies can appeal to a larger audience by advertising during an event that is widely watched among all different groups. The commercials are also quite expensive because of the limited quantity. Advertising during the Super Bowl is a very smart investment. Investment is defined by the sacrifice of current benefits to pursue an activity with expectations of greater future benefits or rewards. Does this apply to the Super Bowl? Yes. Companies will dish out millions of dollars for 30-second blocks of air time. Some companies may even purchase more than that. The short term result is a loss of millions. That money invested in advertising, however, should return much more than that which was invested. The commercial air time during the Super Bowl is such a valuable commodity, that although it costs millions of dollars, those who invest in this form of advertising believe they will make a much greater profit in return. 380 Words Bibliography Catherine Valenti, (January 16,2000), War of the Web Sites, ABCNEWS.com, http://www.abcnews.go.com/sections/business/dailynews/superbowl_netads_000113.html

buy custom Television and the American Society essay

buy custom Television and the American Society essay The development of the modern day television has been tremendous over the past century and even beyond. This is attributed to the remarkable contributions of many individuals across several continents of the world. The modern television as it is seen today has evolved over a long period of time from its original primitive forms to transform to the current versions and models. The innovations over the years have seen a decrease in size and the introduction of the color television. Most recently, the introduction of LED High resolution television has been experienced not only over America but also the whole world. The television serves as a key source of entertainment, education, marketing and business. The TV, as it is normally referred to, has bore many names ranging from the boob tube, the electric box, telly, the eye and the small screen. In the modern day America, it is nearly impossible to imagine homes without television as it has become an integral component of peoples lives. I t is a technological resource that brings the world closer to homes and institutions at large. It has been established that most Americans spend their leisure time watching television as compared to those who participate in engaging activities such as reading or exploration. This term paper will explore the major developments that have occurred with the invention of television and the continuous innovation of the initial models. Furthermore, the effects of television in the contemporary American society will be explored in the presentation. With this regard, the history of television will extensively be focused on. Invention of television It is impossible to discuss on the invention of the television and fail to mention the legendary Philo T. Farnsworth, the great American inventor of television. The invention of television began as an inquisitive idea of transmitting images electronically. The idea has gradually led to the development of our modern day television. Literature has widely shown that Farnsworth had a rough idea of inventing television when he was just 14 years. However, this was not fully realized until he was 21 years old. Initially, Farnsworth assembled camera-like glass tubes which would reflect light and eventually images. This simple idea acted as a massive stepping stone towards the invention of what we regard as television today. In 1927, the young scientist produced the first ever television transmission using a smoky glass slide, light projectors and a camera tube. Though this was an achievement then, the light and heat from this primitive form of television was too much for anyone to endure. Pr ogressively, Farnsworth revised his original model and by 1931, clearer electrical images were transmitted although the heat has negligibly subdued. The inventor of television has noble reasons to keep pursuing his invention, the key being education. According to Farnsworth, television was an ideal tool of teaching young children. In addition, it would also enable interested adults to learn new concepts and ideas alongside the young ones. Being a great scholar himself, Farnsworth did not entertain the idea of illiteracy and ignorance. For him, there was no excuse for the two arguing that it was the probable cause of peoples problems and inadequacies in a competitive society. Furthermore, television for him was a resource of seeing events, whether news or sports in a closer outlook. It should be noted that Farnsworth did not produce his television system commercially but instead focused on improving his idea over time. Established in1929, the Farnsworth Television and Radio Corporation faced a great deal of problems largely attributed to financial constraints and competition from prominent rivals such as the Radio Corporation of A merica (RCA). This over the years impounded Farnsworths ability to transform his noble invention into a most likely television dynasty. Just recently in 2010, the Farnsworth TV factory in Indiana was destroyed, leading to the loss of key inventions of the pioneer, Farnsworth. However, this does not demean the fact that Philo T. Farnsworth is a force to reckon with when it comes to the modern day television we enjoy presently. The revolution of the television There have been tremendous improvements on the original form of television invented by Philo Farnsworth. This has been la contribution of various individuals whose efforts have seen change at its best. These milestones have been extensively discussed, marking the key developments. Development of the color television Based on the firm foundation lay by the pioneer Farnsworth, innovations, that is the modifications of the original idea, led to the achievement of the much fascinated color television. In 1940, a scientist named Peter Goldmark invented the first color television. Though an achievement, the piece was mechanical and bulky, requiring considerable technical knowhow to operate. Over time, black and white television sets lost popularity with majority of the population preferrig the color television sets. However, through the 1950s the number of color television sets ranged in only a few millions in America. Currently, the trend has been reversed and it is usually uncommon to spot the black and white sets in homes or institutions. With such progression though, it was not until 1951 that color broadcasting was launched in the USA. The introduction of video The development of the television has recorded other developments such as the introduction of video-cassette recorders. Individuals were enabled to watch movies and replay programmes at their own comfort and pleasure. The growth of the movie industry in America will be solely attributed to the development of the television. Clearly, without television it would take another invention to enjoy what creativity has to offer in America. Entertainment has been largely revolutionized, thanks to an invention made a century ago. The young generation has also been indulged in video board games which is a major source of entertainment. Similarly, this has been a source of entertainment, although widely regarded as passive. Development of Cable television It was not until 1948 that cable television was discovered. This is attributed to John Walson and Margaret Walson who paired their achievement with the sale and distribution of television sets. Initially, the transmission of television stations was limited to mountainous regions which tend to be isolated. This was due to the fact that boosters were mounted in high places so that network stations are projected to potential customers. Seemingly, the idea of cable television earned its popularity, rising to up to eighty thousand viewers and subscribers in New York alone by 1971. Largely the cable networks focused on popular sports such as hockey and basketball. Currently, there are hundreds of network stations providing services ranging from news, sports, weather and childrens programming. The once used large boosters and antennas have been eliminated paving way for the portable modems and decoders which are not only accessible but also convenient for the engaged subscribers. In America , it is an undeniable fact that John Walson is the father of cable television network. Through him, millions have enjoyed television not only through clearer perceptions but also through a variety of programmes to enjoy. Impact of television on politics The influence the television has played in American politics cannot be ignored. The Democrat candidate, John F. Kennedy entry into presidency was largely attributed to the television. Presidential debates were broadcasted through television and radio, allowing more people to listen to candidates whilst making their decisions. For the first time, in 1960, candidates could be seen at the comfort of ones living room. This was an achievement to reckon with, consequently, the success of John F. Kennedy in 1960 has not only been linked to his poise but also to the great role television has played in politics. It is only in the 1980s that television was fully exploited by politicians. The politicians used television to place themselves as positive candidates, a case in point being the case of the former president, Ronald Reagan. He well utilized the coverage on television, portraying himself as a positive candidate and a potential president of U.S.A. Like his predecessor Kennedy, Reagan uti lized for the power of television to rise to power. In the contemporary American society, modern day politics has been marked with considerable television airtime. News coverage, political rallies and public debates are televised and a marvel is the ability to be seen globally. Based on the platform television offers not only to politics but also politicians, the electorate is enabled to listen and decide based on their judgment. Politicians are able to be engaged in question and answer sessions from interested individuals in any state of America, conveniently convincing them on the items of agenda. The mentioned leaders among others even in lower hierarchies continuously attribute their success and popularity to the media and most especially to television. With the computer age at hand, focus has been on computer innovation but the television still remains the earliest yet remarkable achievement to be passed over the years. It will be surely enjoyed by subsequent generations to come. Impact of television on entertainment Over the years, Americans have been spoilt with a wide variety of television network stations. Television programmes range from variety shows, reality shows, sports, comedy, drama, newscasts, childrens television networks and educational features. Between 1950 and 1955, it was estimated that sixty million viewers tuned in on daily basis for entertainment. During this era, theatre accounted for majority of the programmes aired on television. The enthusiasm on television screens has been sustained with a current standing of millions of television entertainment. In America alone, entertainment iis an industry on its own earning all the stakeholders millions of dollars every year. Limitations in the development of television led to similar limitations in entertainment. This was solely owed to the technicalities involved in television production. As earlier recalled, the primitive television system produced too much heat to be endured by individuals. This impounded on any possible develop ments in television and entertainment. Furthermore, the cameras could only capture images in a single straight line which again limited viewers to a single perspective of any event. Remarkably, it has taken total transformation, innovation and creativity to deliver what America enjoys today in its spectrum of entertainment. Impact of television on education The use of television in education is of key significance with first accounted in 1939. Since then, television has influenced the education and ideologies of not only children but also the youth. Scholars have argued that television has been a tremendous educational tool that can greatly affect academic achievement and student behavior. According to Susan R. Johnson, the writer of strangers in our homes, the effects of television on the brains of growing children have been scientifically proven, ranging from violence and negative stereotyping of behavior. Television has affected the means through which children learn, allowing them to enjoy measured information at a time (Postman, 375). Throughout learning institutions, television has been regarded as an attractive channel of enticing children to like school. Television has be regarded as interactive, creative, filled with colorful images and stimulating to learners especially those who re seemingly uninterested in academics. Further Postman argues that the classroom setup is better that learning through television which impounds learners development of social skills. This has been largely attributed to the fact that children spend majority of their time in front of television sets rather than engaging in activities such as sports. This according to studies harms the cognitive and social development of the children and young teenagers. One study concluded that early exposure of children to television dented the brain development of individuals even in later life. According to Stein and Friedrich, 19721, heavy television watching accounts for low intelligence and poor achievement in studies. This may be countered by ensuring moderation while exposing children to television content. Partents should be firm in issues of time control while concerning television content. This way the original benefits of television will be enjoyed as intended. Impact of education on culture Television has greatly influenced the culture of the modern society. The recordings of changes have been witnessed on issues such as language, musicreligion, fashion and general lifestyle changes. For instance the advertisement of food products or drinks using idealized personalities has spread to people of all walks of life as in the case of Pepsi or Coca Cola products. This euphoria has been speedily spread by the use of television by the manufacturers. The mass media and particularly television has introduced new ideas and lifestyle behaviors not only among children but also among the adult generation irrespective of gender, language or race. Images and spoken words have seemingly lots of power t influence the lifestyle of people. The television has similarly acted as a convenient medium of acquiring knowledge and understanding of concepts. The development of the American slang has for instance been attributed to the broadcast of television programmes and further imitation of the language heard. This is particularly true while referencing to the young teenage viewers. However on equal measure, television has been a negative influence on the society. It has been observed that television presents adverse effects on behavior and ideologies. This is due to the themes cast in drama, films and advertisements. Violence and promiscuity for instance have been linked to television content that children are indulged in. it is unexpected of television to continue in affecting the behavior of individuals although other channels such as the internet and cell phone technology have created a massive wave of influence in the present day society. Conclusion The television is by far one of the most popular technologies not only in America but also in the global front. It is argued that 113 million households own a television set in America alone. It is totally undeniable that television has influenced the lives of Americans. The advancement of the technology has soared to great heights owing to the public support and continuous innovation by individuals. It has been clearly established over the years that the impact television has on economic, social and cultural aspects of life is not only tremendous but also permanent. Generations will continuously appreciate a technology that was born in 1927 by an inquisitive mind. Buy custom Television and the American Society essay

History of Canadian Labour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

History of Canadian Labour - Essay Example Unlike many nations, Canada was not built by soldiers, politicians, and traders. It was built on the toil and sweat of those who built canals, cleared forests, prepared vast, uncultivated land for agriculture, and built railways. Cities and downs were made by labors in Canada - the working class people who were designated to write the future course of progression for this country. 'The Best Poor Man's Country' - the term which is ascribed to Canada frequently, hints at how the country's resources were utilized by the working class people under the supervision of labor unions and organizations. Considering the social nature of Canada, especially with regards to the immigration factor, getting cheap manual labor was never easy. In addition to this, the difference between the skilled labor force and not-so-competent workingmen was palpable in early Canada. The early unions in the country, instead of organizing various labor clans, aimed at maximizing their own profits out of the dearth of essential hands. The skilled workers demanded security and status in exchange for a total work commitment. History of Canadian labor in the twentieth century is marked by both achievements and setbacks. The role of unionism in the history of Canadian labor deserves a special mention. Despite the anti-union legislation that was formed in Nova Scotia in 1816, groups of workers in many parts of the country formed their own unions. In those early times in Canada, these labor organizations included shoemakers in Montreal and Hamilton; printers in Halifax, Quebec City, Montreal, Hamilton, and Toronto. Blacksmiths, shipwrights, carpenters, painters, tailors, and seamen also built their unions. Traders coming from the United Kingdom at the beginning of the nineteenth century introduced the British tradition of trade union movements. An international relation between Great Britain and Canada was established, leading to the merger of labors and intellectuals.  Ã‚  

Research Paper on Native Son by Richard wright

On Native Son by Richard wright - Research Paper Example The novel is a brilliant example of this disambiguated phenomenon. The consequences stemming from the hypocrisy of whites supremacy are converted into an evil, with regards to the misfortune. An accidental event starts the trail of continual deprival of control of consent actions by a black man. A high degree of misfortune is presented in the initiating of the plot of this novel, while the racism in the US background has fueled this misfortune; a murder of a girl by black man. The lead role is the black man, in this novel, presented in an autobiographic genre. This misfortune turned into a tragedy, when the panic added fuel to the flare for the continued criminal actions of the Bigger, till the end of his role. This panic was the ultimate byproduct of the ambiance where he used to live. An approach to the error of the system has been presented in this novel as the root cause and the motive of the tragic criminal deeds was caused by the general environment, the circumstances, in which the Bigger had to live. Background America has had racism issues for long time. In the era of 1930s the class difference among different class was stronger. The blacks were not treated equally. The novel is actually a gentle protest on this situation. This novel was also a start of the silent revolution. The novel became the best seller in few days. The intensity of the racism presently is not of that extent as it was used to be in older days. Though presently the country with prolonged previous racism has a black president, and this novel was an alarm of the upcoming situation at that time: solve the issue today which may destroy tomorrow (Schneider, 2007). Economical perspective The protagonist and his family at large had not had good economic status. For the livelihood, they had to rely on the employments given by the whites. Although the help for the blacks was there as the employment was being provided to the blacks, but on the other hands, his family was being charged the hig h rent by the same employer. Mr. Dalton was a real estate tycoon, which was providing both the employment and the high rents to his family, and the other black community. There was no any generous thing to them as this had no effective benefit to the black and his family who was surging for the economic sustainability. The security and family needs The main character of the Novel, Bigger and his fellows plan to watch a movie, and for watching movie he needed money. For this reason he and his pals decide for the robbery at a shop. The shop/ Delicatessen which they plan to rob belong to the white and they all are afraid of doing any criminal act against the whites. According to them they could get the money, but if they were caught, the law would be different, and they have to bear a lot bitter consequences. They used to rob blacks but this time they had a change in their plan. One of his fellow stepped down for the robbery, and Bigger beat him. Although Bigger’s mother is reli gious and keeps on teaching him: he has no temptations for the religion. When he thinks there is no way to get money by robbing that white, he chooses the legitimate way of earning money by deciding to go for the job. And he is appointed as a chauffeur for Mr. Dalton who is a very rich man. He is afraid of losing his job as he is not aware of the etiquettes of the rich families and thinks himself as a misfit in that environment. This inferior complex has been rooted from the circumstances he has come from and he has a denial state for his

Why Religion Is Important To A Society Philosophy Essay

Why Religion Is Important To A Society Philosophy Essay Our moral convictions precede us as we find ourselves lamenting a loss or potential loss of something important. How we define what is and is not important is solely dependent upon how choose to grant entities significances and phase out related societal detriments said entities may pose. We have widespread traditions to uphold, which is the consensus throughout all of civilization. Though, the reach and continuity of the upholding remains considerably controversial. The religious-those who have willfully been indoctrinated, mostly-stand as major proponents of the aforementioned conundrum. They bring an matched sense of ambiguity to the table in regards to what we reserve strictly for a sentimental purpose over scientific purpose. A massive case in which this is highly evident is of the Kennewick Man. The Kennewick man dispute raised a bunch of issues regarding how religions have politics and science hogtied to a remarkably unavoidable pillar of contempt. It is a case in which the validity of scientific endeavor is challenged by the sacredness of religious conviction, and as a result of that turmoil, politics were compromised. -The Back Story What is important about the Kennewick Man situation is that among the most obvious problems regarding science and politics is the problem of ranking religious importance in a society. Surely, we can see that religion plays a big role in terms of freedom, but the reason for that is unclear. However, we can draw a number of conclusions in this regard which may rid some of the confusion involved. The Kennewick Man issue stems from the findings of the skeleton of a buried body dubbed the Ancient One on July 1996 below the surface of Lake Washington by two men. The remains instantly sparked controversy. It so happened that the skeleton was regarded as religiously bound in some way, which made it largely a religious issue. There were claims made by Indian tribes, local officials, and some members of the scientific community regarding ownership of the skeleton because of the controversy. As a result of the attention, in March of 1998, the department of Interior and National Park Service agreed to assist the COE in resolving some of the issues related to the Federal case (NPS, 2004) that was filed in accordance with the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGRA). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers were the owners of the land in which the remains of the Kennewick Man were found, so they were responsible for the findings. Therefore, they were targeted by those pushing for the bodys protection using the NAGRA. Naturally, there was a need for investigation, so scientists got involved and conducted research on the remains. For this operation, the Department of the Interior and National Park Service and the Corps of Engineers collaborated. Roughly eighteen highly referenced scholars and scientists conducted a variety of historical and scientific examinations, analyses, and studies. (NPS, 2004) This took place between 1998 and 2004 as the legal proceedings picked up in depth. According to the National Park Service (NPS), the Kennewick skeleton was physically examined, measured, and recorded using current and standard scientific methods and techniques. Sediments adhering to the bones and trapped within the bone cavities were described and analyzed for similarity with the soil sediments in the vicinity of the discovery of the skeletal remains. The stone projectile point embedded in the skeletons pelvis was described and analyzed. These findings were relevant to understanding the origins of the skeleton because they shed a near-full-on light of the reason the skeleton was there. Accordingly, the bones were sampled in order to confirm the ancient date for the remains, according to the report from the NPS. The report claimed that research had yielded five major scientific reports as a result of the separate experiments and tests performed by the researchers. These operations had been drastically exaggerated by the media during the time of the legal issues amid the controversy, with ignorance towards the actual reason for the scientific investigation. Essentially, the media missed the fact that the research had to be conducted because the origin of the man was up for dispute, which was a large piece of the legal issues following its discovery. It turned out that the remains were 9,300 years old, according to the research, which still rolls on into the late 2012. According to anthropologist Douglas Owsley, the conclusion of the age of the remains is important in the quest to understand where the now-famous Paleoamerican came from and who his descendants might be. In October of 2011, Owsley felt that it was extremely important to have a meeting with the Native American tribes of the area regarding the remains and the research regarding the remains because, according to him, [the Columbia Basin, where the remains were found], its their homeland territory, and they feel deep connections and roots. [He] felt it of vital important that [he] have a [face-to-face meeting and give them an overview as to what the scientific evidence was telling us. (Murphy, 2012) -Possible Reasoning for Religious Conviction Using Evo-bio Evidence Religious importance is no shallow issue in the case of the Kennewick man. A fact of relevance to that point is that humans have a considerable obligation to religion due to their biological makeup. The conviction towards the Kennewick man is, therefore, unsurprising since the discovery of the remains were inevitably controversial with the revelation of its Native American roots. We find that this obligation-the religious valuation-is innate to our neurological profiles. Particularly, we find that our brains have developed to process environments and problems within those environments with such an imagination that religion can come about at any moment. In order to understand how religion plays a role in society, we first need to understand why humans find certain objects sacred. For this, we can look at the development of the neo cortex in the brain. The neo cortex is responsible for almost all of which we process logically. As we rationalize, the neo cortex is providing the instructions much of the rest of the brain uses to compute one or more generalities. In the case of the Kennewick man, Native Americans extend their hand of conviction towards the remains and they and the remains combined stand as a good reason to look first how religion came about in the biological evolution of human beings. According to Robin Dunbar of the Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology at the University of Oxford, religion is adaptive. According to her, nothing as costly as religion could possibly be maladaptation or a mere by-product. She explored the significance of religion by evolutionary anthropologic findings in scientific research. She found that from we have discovered about the biological significance and origin of religion, there are four functions of religion: it 1) provides an explanation (provisional, however) for the complexities of the world; 2) causes psychological well-being, more or less; 3) triggers socialization; and finally, 4) it enforces conformity, which is actually a key characteristic of religion that we see vividly throughout the case of the Kennewick man. Since we have evolved to solve biological problems, part of our sophistication as organisms is structural, social belief systems. According to Dunbar, those who are actively religious usually live longer, are more content/happier, are less stressed, suffer fewer psychological problems, and recover faster from surgery. Dunbar claimed (with evidence) that multi-level social systems are common in mammals and that when sociality involves an implicit social contract, fitness accrues at the level of the individual, but through benefits generated by the ground. In other words, the combined conformity of each socialite equates to more efficient human beings and heightened, beneficial human instinctiveness. Dunbar, as other scientists have proposed, harped on the social brain hypothesis. According to the hypothesis, religious thought is attributed to brain sizes in primates. It has been reasoned that the size of the neo cortex is inversely relational to the magnitude or involvement in and of religious thought. It is also logical to conclude that the size of social groups are greatly based on the size of the neocortex. According to Dunbar, group size [and many aspects of smart behavior] are a function of neocortex volume. This is conspicuously evident in primate societies. This finding contributes to the fact that all primate societies are based on an implicit social contract, which is essentially cooperation. -Arguments Against Scientific Proceedings -Arguments For Scientific Proceedings Arguments against the ownership of the Kennewick mans remains by those other than the Native American tribes are significantly touch to come by. This is mainly because the Native Americans have almost no objective base for an argument against it. Accordingly, the Native Americans had absolutely no case against those who wanted to do research on the Kennewick man because the findings regarding the specific details of the remains are ambiguous. Therefore, the Native Americans cannot argue that the remains have tribal relevance. The courts concluded this and denied the Native Americans ownership rights over the remains. From there, the scientists were free to do as much research as they felt they needed to do without the consent of the litigating group of tribesmen (Doughton, 2006). The core reason for the scientific proceedings is quite common. In essence, the research would yield a clearer look into our existence as organisms, even sufficing as clearing up confusions regarding terrain and even territories. According to researchers, the North American and South American continents were once empty of people. Contrary to Indian religious beliefs that they have been here since the beginning of time, it is a fact that all humans, including the ancestors to modern Indians, came from Eurasia. (Jantz, 2005) The remains of the Kennewick man actually extends this fact tremendously by giving scientists and the public glimpses of the variety of people who were [in North America] prior to modern Indians. (Jantz, 2005) The study of the Kennewick man helps us figure out how humans spread throughout this region. The studies also show how we have adapted to changing weather conditions (in the most drastic of the sense) and regional obscenities having to do with other animals, food shortages and excess, and other elements. These discoveries have clear applications to our modern world. -How The Scientific Proceedings Are Important -How the Social Proceedings Are Important The question of what makes something important to a society is raised with the scientific proceedings and religion-related controversy. It is probably most wise to consider economic impact religion has in a society since religion has had a history of swaying governmental politics, particularly in judicial issues. However, by merely examining that our past scientific proceedings have constructed what we now know as survival mechanisms, we can rationally conclude that anything resulting from experimentation and deep analysis plays a role in the sustenance of human life. On the other hand, the metaphysical speculation involved in religion gives way to scientific dealings, which is why issues like the Kennewick man are considerably important. If the Native Americans had not disputed the issue, such research performed on the Kennewick man may not have been done, especially within the 2-year span (1998) that it took to file the suit and make a federal case out of it. -Conclusion Sum up the importance of Religion in Society Relate the Kennewick man to the sum What is apparent about the Kennewick man is that the remains held significant anthropological research data. Moreover, it sparked enough controversy to cause rapid development in the science world. It is that sort of ingenuity that religion causes, which makes religion one of the most important aspects of society-at least, this is the case for now, until we figure out how to spark research interest without subjective takes on reality. That said, we can rightfully blame doctrines such as religions as relevant to the solutions we need in order to survive as an adapting species. Without imaginative ideas and emotional charges, we are left with brute logic, which has its constraints and is never consistently sound, as far as we have come to know as experimenters. Therefore, we owe religion the respect it deserves as a sparker of new ideas and new efforts. Without it, our ideas remain unchallenged, and without challenge, we fact a stifled perspective.

Discrimination in the United States Today

Two blue and white school buses pull out of TC Williams High School parking lot destined for Gettysburg College, the site for this summer's football camp. Parents looked on with expressions of disgust and worry as their sons disappeared around the corner, now under control of the new black head coach, Herman Boone. Every seat on the bus was to be occupied by one white and one black football player. Players either stared off into space or out the window in order to avoid any contact with the player sitting beside them.The year was 1971 and this was going to be the first season the Titans played as an integrated school with both blacks and whites on the football team. The season would be characterized by hate, crime, brotherhood and determination and triumph. Despite their differences in appearance and the disapproval of the town they left behind, the team would need to come together as brothers to bring home the perfect season so that everyone would remember the Titans.According to Me rriam – Webster dictionary, the definition of racism is â€Å"a belief that race is the primary determinant of human trait and capacities and racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race† (Merriam Webster Dictionary 484). Racism has existed in our culture throughout human history in many different forms. Differences in skin color, language and customs have influenced the way people view and treat others. Racism has influenced past wars with slavery, caused segregation in the US in the 1960s and early '70s, and is present still today in the form of discrimination.The first documented form of racism in the US may have been slavery. Even though slavery was eventually banned in America, segregation continued. Not until many years later did the blacks received the same rights as white people. Still today, racism between ethnic groups is evident in the form of discrimination. Despite the efforts many have made to put an end to racism, eliminating a ll traces of it is ultimately impossible. Racism is still alive and well in the United States today.Issues on racial profiling, corporate downsizing, layoffs in the industry, racial and class segregation, hyper – segregation, economic racism and institutional racism are but just some of the living proofs to this kind of discrimination happening around us. It has been a struggle our forefathers have battled out and today, it has still not seen an end. It has and still continues to endure since time immemorial. The struggle to impede partiality from affecting law enforcement practices is as patriarchal as the Constitution of the United States itself.Also adversely, for the most part of our past, partiality peace enforcement – founded on fear rather than evidence – has been prevalent and futile (ACLU 4). Since the disaster of September 11, America have witnessed a boost in the country's desire to let pass law enforcement and defense practices founded mainly on skin pigmentation or other permanent attributes, and a certain desire on the end of the present administration to administer such procedures (ACLU 4). The country's Asian, Muslim and Arab populace are very much affected by such physical assaults.Rules chiefly laid out to impact specific classes usually end in the damage of the human rights of everyone involved. Furthermore, racism causes the United States to be less secure as a nation, considering the inadequate law enforcement assets are redirected and people who would rather not to be subjected to government perlustration are pinpointed (ACLU 4). The disaster of September 11 has created general counter – immigrant perception tolerable in the law enforcement and civil defense actions integrate prejudice into their implementation (ACLU 4).Ever since the disaster of the September 11 insurgent assault, it has been the legitimate tactics of the administration to hold, cross – examine and arrest beyond criminal offense  œ usually for long – term on the grounds of their native roots, race and faith. Actually, the very insertion of civil defense exclusion in the guidelines is an affirmation by the justice department that depends on racism and discrimination in its local anti – insurgent efforts (ACLU 5). Racism is at all times at odds with the nation's central statutory principles of impartiality and justice.Law enforcement founded on general attributes in the likes of ethnicity, faith and native roots, instead on the analysis of a person's conduct, is a faulty and useless action for guaranteeing civil (ACLU 6). During the times shortly after the September 11 insurgent attacks, the justice department began what measured to a comprehensive agenda of defensive arrest. It was the initial huge – scope arrest of a set of people on the grounds of their native roots or descent since the inhumation of Japanese – American at the time of the Second World War.In the period of the ins urgent assaults, civic personnel pierced through Asian, Muslim and Arab territories all over the United States, grabbing them from pathways, and even inside their residences, offices and places of worship (ACLU 9). The cluster and detention of a large number of the population were subjected under a strange disguise of cover – up, abandoning wives, offspring, schoolmates and bosses suspecting the victim's whereabouts and speculating on the identity of the next captive (ACLU 9).The individual expenses of the authority’s racism policies are immeasurable: diligent, obedient citizens abruptly finding themselves bound arms and foot, detained incommunicado in lone incarceration for over a month each; estranged from relations; residences and workplaces lost and existence flipped right side facing down. For most people, the ultimate defeat of all time is actually the harsh discovery that the place they came to call as their own, the very one which swore liberty and prospective, favored them no more (ACLU 11).The application of segregating by ethnic group, background, faith or native land runs opposite to what is questionably the central theory of democracy: each and everyone are made equal, and are at liberty must be dealt with unvaryingly by the government, notwithstanding immutable self like skin pigmentation, religion, ethnic or national roots (ACLU 18). For both citizens, either Black or Brown, racial discrimination connotes shorter, not so healthy, less – esteemed lifestyles. Racial discrimination verdict class philosophies and is the thought and tradition of white domination.It is the system of racism and repression based on skin pigmentation, physical appearances, roots and ethnicity. Its foundations can be traced as a validation for slavery and the invasion of the people of the United States. Ever since, slavery in America was attached to the progress and evolution of capitalism. Based on the trade and possession of human beings on the grou nds of their physical appearances and skin tone, its idea was the manipulation of unsettled labor for great earnings.As properties, Africans were sought as if they were animals, brought to now the United States, and then traded on public sale like creatures of inconvenience. Native American Indians suffered the same fate as their African counterparts as they too were murdered on a huge scale (Marshall NP). Ethical and logical reasoning were invented to give reason for this capture, trade, enslavement and mass killings against humanity. As a philosophy, racial discrimination presented the ethical and logical foundations of slavery, the spreading out of colonialism further to the west and the capture of Mexico’s other half.Hence the reason of this set of guidelines was, and even until now is, to set further views and philosophies based on the illusion that people of darker tones are innately low-grade (Marshall NP). The racially prejudiced utilization of the crime subject, incr easing chauvinistic and law enforcement aggression, intensifying separation, criminalization, immigrant – related assaults, rising poverty, living rough and joblessness, amplifying typecasts in media and environmental racial discrimination all signify the intensity of the crisis (Marshall NP).The leanings must be viewed in the perspective of the strengthening of the class efforts. Corporate curb and mass dismissal in the business have resulted to an general drop in the standards of living by the blue – collar workers, particularly the ethnically and nationally demoralized components, and have aggravated the development of racial discrimination. There is a direct relationship between these subject matters (Marshall NP). Capitalism’s general predicament combines a brand new aspect to these issues. Corporate curb and mass dismissal have swept out a lot of the previous reaps opposed to racism in the industry.As the fiscal crisis intensifies, contemporary types of ec onomic racial discrimination are making their presence felt (Marshall NP). Huge rate of joblessness and demarcation are its most straight and stunning result. Rising figures of unemployment cases concerning Asians and their African American counterparts are twice the rate of the Whites. Prolonged joblessness is also exceptionally grave. A huge fraction of those living in the rough are Latinos and Black. Economic racial discrimination’s dreadfulness is mostly observed on its effect on Latinos and Black youths, who predominantly live in penury (Marshall NP).A main attribute of the growth of racial discrimination at the present moment is the height of quality of separation. Segregation has hastened rather than degenerated and happened to be more severe, depicted by pressing destitution and awfully meager situations of life. This is grounds for closer scrutiny of the implication of segregation these days, as more than a consequence of fiscal factors but as a conscious business an d administration policy, with far – reaching repercussions (Marshall NP).It is a consequence of business and administrative policies counting red – lining as well as the former President Reagan’s and current administration’s bureaucrats’ slashes in housing and municipal expenditures, which have brought about the damage of metropolitan zones. The damage on national support for developing and maintaining civic housing projects has lead to disastrous outcomes; other than this is the former President Clinton’s bureaucrats’ unsympathetically racist and influential scheme to utilize HUD taxes to construct prisons (Marshall NP).Ethnic and class separation has created a segregated institutional organization, and played a role in the sudden descending glide of the quality of learning made available for both Latinos and Black youths of society particularly in the United States. The privatization of municipal education is aggravating this crisis and bringing new disparities into the scene (Marshall NP).The problem of segregation confronting all ethnically and nationally demoralized and particularly African Americans are the straightforward consequences of the organizational problems specifically during the later parts of the 1970s and 1980s as well as the industrial cut back of the 1990s. These cultures and neighborhoods must be regarded as an indispensable feature of the particular repression of these peoples – group, ethnic and national – and a way of manipulating and slashing these neighborhoods off from the rest of humanity and of actually isolating the blue collar workers (Marshall NP).Recent reports directs to what is called hyper – segregation of African Americana within the country’s major industrial metropolises namely Houston, Detroit, Los Angeles, Cleveland, Newark, Philadelphia, New York, and Chicago, metropolises in which the organizational problems and prolonged and generational re dundancy have been deeply felt. Hyper – segregation encompasses the topographical, political, fiscal and social segregation of â€Å"`the aforementioned neighborhoods. It exposes that racial discrimination aimed at the African Americans has a exceptional feature and has arrive at a contemporary and unparalleled phase (Marshall NP).Economic racial discrimination is also associated with the issues of metropolises, where the most neighborhoods are situated. As central industries set out, services are permitted to deteriorate, lanes disintegrate, bridges collapse. Here, the drug use and abuse goes on increasingly, mortality rates sky rocket levels much higher those in the less developed countries, and illnesses such as tuberculosis and AIDS are almost uncontrollable. Here the neighborhoods are in a virtual situation of obstruction as racist law enforcers, under the excuse of combating drugs, threaten and coerce.Here, people of color particularly the younger ones are regularly cu rved up in speed, and have crammed the country’s penitentiary and detention centers almost to a spill over, African American adolescents amounting to approximately 35%, either in detention centers or subjected to the jurisdiction of the criminal justice organization (Marshall NP). Nationality, sex and background in the business realm must not be a problem. Instead, working well in a diversified environment must be everyone’s aim (Ishimaru NP). Varied sets of skills are in tall order particularly in the American offices these days.But then again, a certain race in itself cannot possibly make it all happen. At this point, diversity fulfills its real essence. Various people from every civilization must share and value each other’s outlooks and beliefs to be able to come off a solution to a crisis and ultimately cause success not just for themselves but for the team they work with (qtd. in Ishimaru NP). Every industry should aspire to diversify. Certainly, it is the proper way to go. Diversity in the business world makes a good logical in itself. It requires thoughtfulness, visualization and commitment to be momentous.Furthermore, it commands eagerness to scrutinize the conventional way of handling business and what is prized in its employees (Ishimaru NP). To be able to produce advancement as far as diversity in the business world is concerned, it is vital to re-evaluate one’s principles and be able to communicative what merit is really about. As people keep on diversifying even more, elevating workers who displayed an ability to diversify to communicate well with his co – employees setting apart aside social discrimination must be highlighted (Ishimaru NP).Studies confirm that operating in a diversified setting is associated with more important associations. Moreover, more friendships between different races are also created in this place. â€Å"The ethnically varied neighborhood is also a model of a diversified surrounding (E stlund 10). There are reasons to trust that the distinctly augmented occurrence of reported friendship between people from diverse backgrounds is founded chiefly from improved relations and incorporation in the business realm. Yet in the greater scheme of things, it is more than a friendship tale.It also speaks of the common but spread out implication of connectedness that shell out of the daily cooperation, informal sociability, mutual welfare, whines, achievements and frustrations among co – workers. All the same, their positive feature is suggested by the occurrence with which they are able to establish real friendship that transcends social discrimination. Racial conflict and segregation is still alive and well. Even so, they were definitely narrowed and combined with thoughts of harmony, respect, friendship and resemblance (Estlund 11).In point of fact, it is only in the business realm where a more lasting and mutual interaction is possible. It is the only place where on e can actually see it happen. Every person must search for to be able to team up with their co – workers in any place and time. This type of team up must be made amongst people of diverse roots, ethnic set and gender. Diversity in the business realm, affairs and association that go beyond social discrimination can be counted on to bring about heightened approval and empathy. Besides, it can perhaps form less hostility and typecasting amongst diverse roots, ethnic set and custom (Estlund 12).African – American middle school learners are sensitive regarding the issue of racial discrimination and are willing to voice out their thoughts about the topic at hand. Thoughts of injustice and prejudice associated to race will take place specifically in a teacher relationship, which is made difficult by problems of command and influence (Melvin 37). The condition of the increasing population of pupils from ethnic minorities in public institutions and the majority of white instruc tors in the public institutions is a crisis.White instructors need to rethink the crisis of the failure of various pupils from ethnic minorities in the institutions. Instructors nowadays hardly ever display explicit racial discrimination, but may unintentionally act discriminatorily in concealed and understated ways. As a result of placing the burden of achievement in institution completely upon a pupil from an ethnic minority, the instructor does not reflect on his role in creating the institution a positive learning ground.The floor is certainly amassed against people from ethnic minorities and instructors in an undersized way have the capability to offset the effects of racial discrimination. Definitely, there are a lot of other aspects that be part of the cause of a pupil success like a supportive family. Still, white instructors lean to classify these aspects with the consequence of holding responsible the victim and omitting the reality that the true rival is institutional rac ial discrimination.White instructors must to be not as much concerned about being branded racially prejudiced and be less troubled with contesting such accusations whenever they are expressed by pupils. Rather, instructors should to observe how their own actions, both with respect to their dealings with pupils and their selections of classroom matter to guarantee that they are doing everything feasible to assist pupils from ethnic minorities to succeed (Melvin 39). The asset of the United States as a country has been rooted in its ability to distinguish and nurture its diversity.Its blend of diversity has been a collage of expressions and outlooks that collaborated to clothe the country to be unified, in a never ending quest for life, liberation and sovereignty for all. While there will always be disagreements on the ways and measures that gets in the way of success, may all rise up every single day, and safeguard the nation’s ability to expressive what it deems as its absolu te right to be heard exercising its people’s freedom of speech (Jones NP). Hope should remain. Hope in the odd that living in an ethnically diversified world is feasible.More than being an odd, it is the kind of life everyone else must work hard to achieve. A life that is lived in accord between people regardless of native roots is an ideal kind of life. It is certainly a kind of life that transforms and surpasses boundaries formerly defined, aimed for the betterment of all (Racebridges. net NP). As we close the chapter on one heritage recognition to bridge the pages to the next, may everyone else never forget that the United States was molded on the hard labors of its immigrant populace.Having come from the Plymouth Rock, or from the weight of servitude, the force has been established and set free of the control of racial discrimination (Jones NP). For everyone to gaze further at the road that lie ahead, it is necessary to set sights on the rear view mirror to keep certain t hat alarming signs of the threats that lies further on are not overlooked. It is important to study, assess and commemorate history, or be condemned in recurring failures habitually. The past should be the handbook and experience must be the lead. It is there to serve as a reflection of the path yet to be (Jones NP).Ethic and socio – economic condition are amid the most well-known kind of inter – class affairs that mirrors kinds of social discrimination in the country. Whenever social discrimination is present, prejudice is a crucial feature of inter – class affairs. Prejudice can function to underpin the representational borders that divide ethnic class from one and the other (MacArthur & MacArthur NP). Racial discrimination is as relevant a subject matter at present as it was two decades ago (Miles168). Quite the opposite of other age group the world today is typically more and varied, mobile and integrated than it has ever been.These days, people find themsel ves living in a world with not only complete strangers, rather quite particularly exceptional individuals (Estlund 20). In our day than ever before, it is critical that all people take a firm position against racial discrimination. Everyone must stay alert and prepared to battle it out in opposition to those who longs to segregate and demoralize societies on grounds of race, background, ethnic group, faith or principles. A hate – provoked offense against members of a specific race is still an assault all of humanity. We are constantly challenged by racial discrimination in every aspect of society.Countless marginal neighborhoods are still subjected to different faces of racial discrimination and racist brutality. For most neighborhoods, the racist danger has augmented. There is a need for efficient and impartial actions to deal with all forms of racial discrimination. The governmental structure counter racism or hostility have not yet stood firmly on its ground, in some parts of the country still needs execution. There is a need to enforce it successfully and noticeably. Victims must recognize that their encounters of racial discrimination will be critically dealt with by powers that be.Perpetrators of the crimes must be made aware that their deeds will not be allowed by the world. For one, the possibility of creating deep and multi –thread ties grounded on resemblance is nothing sort of usual. On the contrary, the possibility of creating ties that surpasses social discrimination thrives. However, establishing such kind of ties that surpasses social discrimination is not quite simple. By not counting on the help of a certain amount of force, this type of ties is unfeasible. All the same when it carried out, it is perhaps more lean and more awkward that the type of ties grounded on resemblance (Estlund 20).To all intents and purposes, these ties can foster trust. It can generate a sense of togetherness, harmony for a reason. Ultimately, compounded with the development towards objectivity and integration in the office and beyond, trust could be encouraged as well (Estlund 20). In spite of everything, no one person can possibly live solely by himself. It is man’s basic nature that requires him to establish and interconnection with his neighbors. The world exists to blend diverse civilization. This is just but one of the certainties in this world.Instead of isolating oneself from his neighbors whom he perceives to be unlike himself, may everyone else simply learn to love and embrace his own as well as his neighbor’s individuality. The diversity in this world is worth more than its simple meaning. It exists to be a living reminder of the real essence of man’s uniqueness. It is there to impart the lesson to all ears that need to hear that differences in all intents and purposes are the common ground where people of all races and places can meet half way. And all else is better taken a step further from there. Firm rebuff of the racist philosophy is necessary for everyone.Impartiality, non – existence of prejudice and deference for the human civil liberties of all are frequent threads in our culture, which highlight the battle in opposition to racism. They are an essential part of one’s commitment to his neighbors. It is not simply a subject for institutional action. There is a demand to remain united in the battle in opposition to racism and succeed. It is a form of corruption to the future and a renouncement to the common codes of conduct if with consent the racist is permitted to develop a scheme wherein the people’s actions are deemed to be normal.

Ethics -Radio Shack Ceo Sacandal Essay

Ethics is the consideration of how human actions can improve or deteriorate the environments in which we work and live. In the wake of recent corporate scandals like Enron and WorldCom leading to trials and imprisonment of previously powerful (Chief Executing Officer) CEO’s public trust in CEO’s has diminished. Therefore when the story about the forged academic credentials of Dave Edmondson, CEO of Radio Shack came it re-ignited the mistrust. This paper will provide a brief background of the scandal and detailed analysis of the ethical issues involved and whether the actions taken by RadioShack were ethical or not. Background: Dave Edmondson was on a fast career track and was named CEO of Radio Shack in May 2005. In February, 2006 Radio Shack announced that its CEO, David Edmonson has resigned over questions raised over his resume. The Fort Worth Star- Telegram discovered that he had not earned degrees in theology and psychology from Heartland Baptist College as claimed on his resume. Moreover Edmonson had only finished two semesters at the college and the college did not even offer a psychology major. Edmonson admitted to the errors calling them â€Å"misstatements† and resigned in the aftermath of the corporate scandal. Analysis: The main issue about this case is not just forging of the academic credentials but how Radio Shack handled the case that generated criticism from public and turned it into a media circus. The basic hypernorms of honesty and integrity were not met by RadioShack in handling the situation. Edmondson did not display fairness towards Radio Shack by trying to communicate the value of knowledge via false degrees. It was not just the disappointing fact that Edmondson lied on his resume but what was equally troubling was the individual and corporate response to the scandal. Radio Shack supported its CEO and failed to give public any substantial answers. The ethical question then becomes that what is the responsibility of board of directors? Should they oversee the personal ethics of a CEO as long as he is driving the shareholders maximum value and yielding higher profits for he firm or they should step up and take responsibility for their own short comings, take the required action and set an example of driving the company by ethical values and standards not just profits? Radio shack displayed lack of responsibility as a company when it came to take ownership of the issue and failed to address the public with compassion and was unable to provide clarification regarding the r esume issue. From philosophical approach- consequentialism view holds that whether an act is morally right depends only on the consequences of that act. Edmondson’s decision to lie on his resume turned out to bring good consequences only for him in terms of a career hike. Deontology brings up these questions: Was Edmondson’s decision legal, fair, just or right? No, it was not and transparency and information sharing regarding the falsified resume might have led to different outcomes both for Edmondson and RadioShack. Considering the virtue ethics, did Edmondson and RadioShack’s decision demonstrate expected virtues? The company had built its image and reputation over many years. This reputation entailed virtues of trustworthiness, compassion, integrity and responsibility. It did not seem that Edmondson’s decision to not come clean was based on any of these considerations. He bluntly violated the virtue ethics. The stakeholders involved were shareholders, board of directors, employees and common people. He could be cut slack for being an ambitious young individual at the start of his career but how can the ignorance be overseen that in the years of making towards a CEO he never came clean. Infact when the scandal was raised and he was confronted he did not even admit right away. This displays lack of character and credibility. A company’s leader should be transparent and trustworthy. From a modified moral standards approach I feel that there wasn’t any net benefit to the company from his falsified educational claims. It was also not fair to all the stakeholders involved as there could have been a better candidate who got rejected due to a truthful but less flashy resume. Also the distribution of benefits was enjoyed by the CEO whereas the burdens were shared by him and the company equally in terms of a bad reputation and loss of public trust. Also RadioShack was not consistent with the virtues expected by its employees as they did not bring them and other stakeholders in the loop during the media frenzy which led to a discontented employee atmosphere. This also leads to question the monitoring and compliance at RadioShack. They had a code of conduct and code of ethics in place detailing the responsibilities of the employees but how realistically this was being followed can be easily criticized based on Edmondson’s case. I believe that company’s code of ethics should be incorporated in its values and system actions. Corporate risk can be reduced and even mitigated if the organization can align values for ethical motivation and action. Edmondson did take accountability of his unethical actions later and RadioShack’s board of directors also learned the hard way that blind support of a CEO without any solid evidence is unwise and can tarnish the reputation of the company. If they had accepted and reacted to responsibility as soon as the scandal broke the company would have been able to save its reputation and maintained credibility.